Smog Movies

I am revising for science and have come across an exam question that mentions Red and White Lichens, it then asks which has been more polluted, I would like to know what the different colours of lichens mean, in terms of air pollution?

It is the quantity and type of lichens, linking to low or high air pollution, not the color >
"MONITORING AIR QUALITY WITH LICHEN AS A BIO INDICATOR" ( the site contains an online lichen key ) > http://www.momscleanairforce.org/2011/05/04/monitoring-air-quality-with-lichen-as-a-bioindicator/
More details and photos > http://gis.nacse.org/lichenair/?page=effects

I means What Are the steps Required to write a project on this geographic topic.
& Which sites contain Best Information About This ” AIR POLLUTION” topic For schools.
PLEASE KINDLY HELP ME THIS IS THE FIRST TIME I AM GOING TO DO A GEOGRAPHY PROJECT.

You can use google to get information on Air Pollution. I will put a link below for you.

For help with the format of your paper and instructions on how to write it, I suggest you go to my website, where I have placed all of the tips, links and shortcuts for writing that I acquired through answering these questions on Yahoo Answers. You will need to go there and:

- Get the instructions under the two links in red on the first page of links (click on "General Essay Help" or "Links for Creating Essays"). Use the Wiki set of instructions for the general format/how to on writing your paper. It is a great, tried and true method. Then also get the instructions for thesis statements. Your thesis statement will probably be rather general, as it appears you will simply be describing/defining "Air Pollution".

- Go to the next page of links (Essays by Essay Type), and get the instructions found in the SECOND AND THIRD link under "5 paragraph essays" (I think the first link does not fit your situation, as it centers on writing timed essays). When you click on the second link, you will also see a link at the bottom of that page that will take you to a sample 5 paragraph essay, which should be helpful for you.

Here is my website for getting the instructions. It is small and easy to navigate and there are no ads:

http://users.wowway.com/~amerimama/index.html

As far as your sources go, here is a google search on Air Pollution. Go through at least 2 or 3 pages of results, taking your time to examine the result links as possible sources for your paper. It may take you those 2-3 pages of results just to find 2 or 3 good, credible sources for your paper, but they are out there.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1016&bih=599&q=Air+pollution&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=

That is a basic search. You may also want to do a more detailed search using "air pollution what is the solution", for example, as the keywords. Whatever you need for your paper/project.

I hope the above is helpful and I wish you good luck on your Geography project!

What are the major sources of Carbon dioxide (CO2) that contribute to air pollution?

What are the environmental and health effects of this sources?

Naturally occurring events..plus politicians.

As a major industrial city, Boston produces a huge amount of air pollution. How does this specifically affect the area’s ecology? What ecosystems are most impacted, and how?

Air breathing species are most affected! If you are oxygen breathing you are certainly affected. To properly determine which is truly most affected would require an accurate count of all that is affected based on an accurate count of all ingredients of the air within the area you are inquiring about. For example rust could be determined to be affected by air quality and humans and plants react differently to oxygen as well as other ingredients and reactive actions of many ingredients in the air which may or may not be present at any given time in a combination within any given area as well. To hamper the diagnosis of ANY ecosystem is the winds affect on the movment of air and any perceived pollution within. As you may perceive,it is quite complex and an ongoing study of effect and resolution has filled libraries and notably will continue for many centuries. You have not givin your specific ingredients of the air or that of the "pollution" so a specific example of which ecosystem would be affected or how would be speculation at best and that could only be determined by an accurate account of all life and ecosystems within the area you are inquiring about and subject to variables such as wind and weather.

I’m supposed to do a poster on air pollution so on one side is stuff that humans can do more to reduce air pollution and on the other side is what humans can reduce on doing that causes air pollution. So my teacher showed us a chart that says the sources of air pollution, one source is agriculture. So my question is how does agriculture create air pollution?

Air pollution is the volume of particulates in the atmosphere. The agriculture process has many contributing factors to pollution, depending on how finite you break it down.

Agriculture is responsible for an estimated 14-25 percent of the world’s greenhouse gases. A significant portion of these emissions come from methane, which, in terms of its contribution to climate change, is 23 times more potent then carbon dioxide (CO2).

Some of the contributing factors are:

The world’s 1.5 billion cows and billions of other grazing animals emit dozens of polluting gases, including lots of methane. Two-thirds of all ammonia comes from cows as well. Cows emit a massive amount of methane through belching, with a lesser amount through flatulence. Statistics vary regarding how much methane the average dairy cow expels. Some experts say 100 liters to 200 liters a day (or about 26 gallons to about 53 gallons), while others say it’s up to 500 liters (about 132 gallons) a day. In any case, that’s a lot of methane, an amount comparable to the pollution produced by a car in a day.

Another way is to look at the processes that go into agriculture:

To feed animals that will be consumed in the future, they need to be fed. That means energy needs to be put into growing crops that will feed them (water irrigation/storage, seed distribution, harvesting, processing and distributing). That energy in turn creates more emissions.

Also, a problem with the current form of industrialized agriculture used in developed countries, is that they tend to stick to a "cash crop" or non-indigenous crop. This means that more fertilizer and pesticides will need to be used to mitigate the soil depletion and lack of natural defenses by the plant/crop. Not only does the use of these lead to irrigation run-off that take chemicals and nutrients to larger waterways which then deposit into ground water supply or even the ocean. (the ocean is bad because it creates a hypoxic deadzone the kills all sea life in that area - http://lab.visual-logic.com/2010/02/agricultural-runoff-in-the-mississippi-river-basin-and-the-dead-zone/)

To summarize - the manufacturing processes of agriculture and use of pesticides and fertilizers, fuel and oil for tractors, equipment, trucking and shipping, electricity for lighting, cooling, and heating, along with emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases bumps the impact up quite a bit.

Lastly, land use effects the impact to air pollution as well. In developing nations, money for crops is at a premium - oppose to rainforest concentration. So as a result, clear-cutting of heavily forested areas is common which not only releases carbon contained in the plants and soil. But it minimizes the capacity of the larger trees and plants to absorb carbon.
Lastly

I have to do a project about air pollution and new ways of reducing it but I have nt found any new way or solution so any ideas??

Popular Science, The Economist and The National Post all have a story about flying wind generators (FL G’s). The wind industry has rushed into wind farms in a big way.
these are an option to wind farms. They are also not wanted by the Electrical Workers because they won;t create much needed jobs for them.

These (FL G’s) can be improved and put into the jet stream to send power back to earth through nano fibre carbon/kevlar cable on a tether anchored at a small town.

Google Bryan Roberts, "Sky WindPower" in the website search box.

I am doing a science fair project for my project i am testing to see were in my community there is the most amount of air pollution. I need a good, catchy title. Please help!

Smogging up the Suburbs.

Haha, idk. You might think that’s lame. I like it. :]

I hope to make a trip to Japan in July. I would like to avoid areas with heavy smog. Last time I was in Tokyo, I couldn’t see the sun/sky for the pollution. How is the air in Tokyo in July?
Would Yokohama or Chiba or Saitama be any better?
Any recommendations for cities or prefectures with relatively clear air in July?

It must have been awhile since you were last in Tokyo. By the late-’80s, the air quality in Tokyo had already surpassed that of Los Angeles. By 2000, I would say Tokyo is cleaner than any city in Asia.

Yokohama is close enough to Tokyo that the weather and air quality will be the same. Personally, I have not or cannot tell any difference these days when it comes to air quality in Tokyo, Chiba, and Saitama.

If you really are into clean air, go to Hokkaido (Hakodate, Sapporo, etc). Weather is pretty nice in July, too.

I need some historical events that would contribute to the mass amount of air pollution in China today.
For example the boost of population in the 16th century causes the government to focus on the economy rather than enviromental degradation.

"boost of population in the 16th century"…… what? You do know all of modern China’s pollution came into existence after heavy industrialisation beginning around the 1970s, right?

Ancient, even medieval China was largely an agrarian nation (a.k.a a nation largely producing food), what serious pollution comes from planting cabbage? Today’s China is an industrialised nation, dependant on foreign trade and mass-producing products, from factories that emit large amounts of pollution.

Historically China never polluted on such a scale as today. In fact, most of the world’s pollution came from the industrialisation era, what with the smog-filled slums of London and all.

16th century??? Where did you get that?

In some large cities, citizens are advised to avoid heavy outdoor exercise when air pollution levels are high. Explain why it would be wise to heed such a warning.

Air pollutants can adversely affect lung function. Ground level ozone, and other oxidants and pollutants can damage lung tissue, and/or interfere with you getting enough oxygen into your body.
People with already compromised respiratory systems (asthma, COPD, etc.) are at increased risk of being incapacitated.
Exercising outside raises respiration and increases the adsorption of harmful gases and particulate matter. Such things are not good for your body.